时态一 提起时态，当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式，表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想，初中我们学过的时态有几个? 初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下: 一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。 过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等连用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking. 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如 next year,tomorrow等连用。注意：在Will you ....?问句中，回答必须是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong. 现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还在，常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用"过"来表示，常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如：I've never seen that film. 过去完成时：我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。 练习： 1. The zoo _______ in the north of the city. A. lies B. builds C. seems D. lying 2. --Tom ______out. --Oh, is he? What time _______ he ______ out? A. is, did, go B. went, is, going C. has gone, did, go D. is going, does, go 3. --It must be on channel 2. Try that. --I ______ that. But I still can't get anything. A. have tried B. tried C. try D. will do 4. They usually ________ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 5. He has _______ for about twelve years. A. bought the house B. left here C. lived here D. gone here 6. The two old man ________ each other since 1970. A. didn't seen B. don't see C. haven't see D. won't see 7. Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they ______ China for six years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have come to D. have gone to 8. --Our country ______ a lot so far. --Yes, I hope it will be even ________. A. has changed , well B. changed, good C. has changed , better D. changed, better 9. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting. --I think she looks better _______ red. A. dressed , in B. put on, wear C. wearing, in D. wear, put on 10. --I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday. --I am sorry ______ that. A. hearing B. hear C. hears D. to hear
时态 (二) 时态的运用比较复杂，好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好，对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时，一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析，你会发现一切"as easy as A B C"。 一般过去式和现在完成时： 一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。 如： We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。 对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。 注意：有些时间状语，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如： I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。) 一般过去式和过去完成时的比较： 一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。 如： He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如： When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候，他的女儿早已去睡觉了。
在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如：He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说： He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
练习： 1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years. A. was...studying B. will ... study C. has ...studied D. are studying 2. They usually _____ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there. A. went to , wanted B. goes to , wants C. has gone , wants D. has been to, wants 4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him. A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know 5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day? --I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers. A. have given B. will give C. gave D. give 6. --Tom ______ out. --Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out? A. is, did, go B. went, is ,going C. has gone, did, go D. is going, does, go 7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class. A. have B. are having C. having D. will have 8. --" Where is Li Lei?" --" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends." A. is putting on , is playing B. puts on, will play C. is putting on , will play D. put on, played 9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________. A. have been in , two years ago B. has gone to, two years C. have been to, two years D. has been in, two years ago 10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______. A. is cooking B. cooked C. was cooking D. cooks
