时态一 提起时态,当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式,表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想,初中我们学过的时态有几个? 初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下: 一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。 过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等连用。如: When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking. 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如 next year,tomorrow等连用。注意:在Will you ....?问句中,回答必须是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong. 现在完成时:顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用"过"来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I've never seen that film. 过去完成时:我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。 练习: 1. The zoo _______ in the north of the city. A. lies B. builds C. seems D. lying 2. --Tom ______out. --Oh, is he? What time _______ he ______ out? A. is, did, go B. went, is, going C. has gone, did, go D. is going, does, go 3. --It must be on channel 2. Try that. --I ______ that. But I still can't get anything. A. have tried B. tried C. try D. will do 4. They usually ________ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 5. He has _______ for about twelve years. A. bought the house B. left here C. lived here D. gone here 6. The two old man ________ each other since 1970. A. didn't seen B. don't see C. haven't see D. won't see 7. Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they ______ China for six years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have come to D. have gone to 8. --Our country ______ a lot so far. --Yes, I hope it will be even ________. A. has changed , well B. changed, good C. has changed , better D. changed, better 9. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting. --I think she looks better _______ red. A. dressed , in B. put on, wear C. wearing, in D. wear, put on 10. --I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday. --I am sorry ______ that. A. hearing B. hear C. hears D. to hear
时态 (二) 时态的运用比较复杂,好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好,对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时,一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析,你会发现一切"as easy as A B C"。 一般过去式和现在完成时: 一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去,陈述一个事实,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如:last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。 如: We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。 对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。 注意:有些时间状语,如this morning,tonight, this month 等,既可用于一般过去时,又可用于现在完成时,但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内,而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如: I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。) 一般过去式和过去完成时的比较: 一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时,常用此时态。 如: He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上,一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如: When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候,他的女儿早已去睡觉了。
在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如:He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说: He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
练习: 1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years. A. was...studying B. will ... study C. has ...studied D. are studying 2. They usually _____ TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches 3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there. A. went to , wanted B. goes to , wants C. has gone , wants D. has been to, wants 4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him. A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know 5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day? --I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers. A. have given B. will give C. gave D. give 6. --Tom ______ out. --Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out? A. is, did, go B. went, is ,going C. has gone, did, go D. is going, does, go 7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class. A. have B. are having C. having D. will have 8. --" Where is Li Lei?" --" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends." A. is putting on , is playing B. puts on, will play C. is putting on , will play D. put on, played 9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________. A. have been in , two years ago B. has gone to, two years C. have been to, two years D. has been in, two years ago 10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______. A. is cooking B. cooked C. was cooking D. cooks