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初中英语动词时态语法知识点讲解练习

  • 作者: admin
  • 来源: 未知
  • 发表于2012-03-03 16:43
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  • 时态一     提起时态,当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式,表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想,初中我们学过的时态有几个? 初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下:   一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。   现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。    一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。   过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等连用。如: When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.   一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如 next year,tomorrow等连用。注意:在Will you ....?问句中,回答必须是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.   现在完成时:顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用"过"来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I've never seen that film.   过去完成时:我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before,  after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。 练习: 1. The zoo _______ in the north of the city.    A. lies   B. builds   C. seems   D. lying   2. --Tom ______out.     --Oh, is he? What time _______ he ______ out?    A. is, did, go   B. went, is, going    C. has gone, did, go   D. is going, does, go   3. --It must be on channel 2. Try that.     --I ______ that. But I still can't get anything.    A. have tried   B. tried   C. try   D. will do   4. They usually ________ TV in the evening.    A. watch   B. will watch   C. are watching   D. watches   5. He has _______ for about twelve years.    A. bought the house   B. left here   C. lived here   D. gone here   6. The two old man ________ each other since 1970.    A. didn't seen   B. don't see   C. haven't see   D. won't see   7. Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they ______ China for six years.    A. have been in   B. have been to   C. have come to   D. have gone to   8. --Our country ______ a lot so far.     --Yes, I hope it will be even ________.    A. has changed , well   B. changed, good   C. has changed , better   D. changed, better   9. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting.     --I think she looks better _______ red.    A. dressed , in   B. put on, wear   C. wearing, in   D. wear, put on   10. --I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday.      --I am sorry ______ that.    A. hearing   B. hear   C. hears   D. to hear 

     时态 (二)     时态的运用比较复杂,好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好,对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时,一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析,你会发现一切"as easy as A B C"。   一般过去式和现在完成时:   一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去,陈述一个事实,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如:last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。   如: We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。 对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。   注意:有些时间状语,如this morning,tonight, this month 等,既可用于一般过去时,又可用于现在完成时,但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内,而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如: I have read this book this April.(说话时仍然为四月。)  I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。)   一般过去式和过去完成时的比较:   一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时,常用此时态。     如: He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上,一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如: When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 当他到家的时候,他的女儿早已去睡觉了。
    在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如:He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说: He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
    练习: 1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years.     A. was...studying    B. will ... study    C. has ...studied    D. are studying    2. They usually _____ TV in the evening.     A. watch    B. will watch    C. are watching    D. watches    3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there.     A. went to , wanted   B. goes to , wants   C. has gone , wants   D. has been to, wants    4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.     A. knows    B. know    C. will know    D. is going to know    5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?      --I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.     A. have given    B. will give    C. gave    D. give    6. --Tom ______ out.      --Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out?     A. is, did, go    B. went, is ,going    C. has gone, did, go    D. is going, does, go    7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.     A. have    B. are having    C. having    D. will have    8. --" Where is Li Lei?"      --" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends."     A. is putting on , is playing    B. puts on, will play     C. is putting on , will play    D. put on, played    9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________.     A. have been in , two years ago    B. has gone to, two years     C. have been to, two years    D. has been in, two years ago    10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.     A. is cooking    B. cooked    C. was cooking    D. cooks  
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