句子种类（一） 我们都知道，根据句子的使用目的，句子可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。疑问句是常考的重点，也是要掌握的难点，这里我们先重点讲一下. 疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句. 反意疑问句: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句. 如前面陈述句部分是肯定式，后面问句部分一般用是否定式；如前一部分是否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称，数及时态上通常保持一致. 如：You are a student，aren't you?(你是学生，对吗?)
在祈使句后面用反意疑问句，要注意人称的变化。 如：Go to the cinema，will you? 在省略的感叹句后面，要注意主语的单复数。 如：What fine weather，isn't it? 陈述句部分的主语如是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I. 如: I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I? 陈述部分用never，hardly，few，nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义. 如: He seldom came here,did he? 陈述句部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't +主语. 如: He used to go to school at seven, didn't he? / usedn't he? 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 如: You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语. 如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 主语是everyone， someone，anyone，no one等不定代词时，多用they 指代. 如：Everyone is here，aren't they?(所有的人都来了吗?) 主语是everything，something，anthing，nothing时，用it 指代。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。如: Don't do that again, will you? 注意 Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如: There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 特殊疑问句: 注意疑问词 how many how much , how often , how old, how long, what, what time, what day , what colour, which , when , who, whose等疑问词的用法。 练习： 1. Don't forget to give the baby some food ,______? A. will you? B. shall we C. won't you D. do you 2. You have met before, _______? A. haven't you B. have you C. do you D. don't you 3. She has never read the book before, _______? A. has she B. hasn't she C. is she D. isn't she 4. Mike has to finish her work now, _______? A. has he B. hasn't he C. does he D. doesn't he 5. --"Don't smoke in the dining-hall, will you?" -- "_________." A. Yes, I agree B. Yes, of course, C. Yes, I don't think so D. What's wrong 6. --______ did you stay in Urumqi last summer? --For two weeks. A. How often B. How C. How long D. How many times 7. He nearly hurt himself in the accident, _______? A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he 8. --_______ will your aunt be back from work? --In an hour.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. What time 9. The old man had to do the farm work himself, ________? A. did he B. didn't he C. had he D. weren't he 10. --"________ do they have a meeting?" --"Every two weeks." A. How long B. How often C. When D. What time
第13讲：句子的种类(二) 本讲主要讲一下感叹句,祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句.
感叹句注意事项： 感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了. 感叹句用法很简单, How和What放句前, How与形、副词类连, What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见. 当然，what 感叹句和how 感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可用how引导感叹句，但不定冠词a或an 需放在形容词之后。如：What a large factory = How large a factory it is! 祈使句: 祈使句所需注意的是：含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don't.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用 Let+not+动词原形或 Don't let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。 下面稍微提一下常考的强调句：我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住：强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用"that". 句式是：It is (was) 被强调部分+that(who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句，只需看去掉It be… that是否还是一个完整的句子。 看下面例题： It is twenty years ___ Miss Feng returned to China. A. that B. when C. since D. as 答案C.本题易误选为A(that). 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 "It is...that"，只剩下ten years Miss Feng returned to China.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。 练习： 1. It was yesterday _______ Xiao Ming finished all his homework. A. that B. when C. where D. at 2. You are not in Grade Two, ________you? A. aren't B. are C. do D. don't 3. She has never read the book before, _______? A. has she B. hasn't she C. is she D. isn't she 4. --I want to shopping this afternoon. What about you? ___________. A. So did I B. So I did C. So I do D. So do I 5. It's time for supper now. Let's ______ it. A. stop to have it B. stop having C. to stop to have D. stopping to have 6. _______ lovely she smiles ! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 7. Thank you for _____ me with my English. A. help B. helped C. helping D. helps 8. --Would you please _______ the shoes on the floor? --I'm sorry. I won't do it again. A. not throw B. don't throw C. not to throw D. didn't throw 9. Lily has not visited many places of great interests in China. ________. A. So has her twin sister B. Neither is her twin sister C. So her twin sister D. Neither has her twin sister 10. Don't _______ books again! You must be careful _______ now on. A. lost, from B. lose, from C. lost, since D. lose, since
